Selasa, 01 Februari 2011

Samudra pasai Kingdom

Samudra pasai Kingdom  in Indonesia recorded history as a royal Islam in Indonesia. King The first and the founder of the Indian empire Pasai is Sultan Malik al-Saleh (1290-1297). Samudra pasai Kingdom
located on the north Perlak area Lhok Seumawe now (east coast Aceh), directly adjacent to the Strait Malacca. In the year 1297 AD, Sultan Malik Al-Saleh's death, then the Samudra pasai Kingdom led by his son named Sultan Malik al-Tahir (1297 - 1326). After Sultan Malik al-Tahir's death on in 1326, the kingdom of Samudera Pasai led by his son, named Sultan Malik al-Zahir. Regarding this the sultan personally, Ibn Battuta (nomad from Morocco), which had stopped at Samudra pasai  in 1345 and 1346 said that Sultan Malik al-Zahir was a sultan who obedient to the religion and embrace Syafi hab ma i. In the reign of Malik al-Zahir there are people who become official Persian palace. In 1348, Sultan Malik al-Zahir's death, then the royal throne held by Zainal Abidin. During this Zainal Abidin, Majapahit successfully mastered Samudera Pasai. Thus, being the Samudera Pasai under the rule of Majapahit. After experiencing the destruction of Majapahit, Samudera Pasai upright again. The existence of Samudera Pasai until the year 1405 is still heard preached by Muhammad Cheng Ho leaders Chinese fleet, which is Muslim, and had stopped at Samudera Pasai. After Zainal Abidin, the kingdom is not heard from again because it has been shifted by the Kingdom of Malacca. Community's economy depends on trade Samudera Pasai. Position at the international trade route used by this kingdom to the economic advancement of its people. According to some sources history, it is known that many traders from various countries anchored in the Port of Pasai. The kingdom was trying to set up the ports that can be used to increase material supplies, taking care of shipping, collect and store merchandise, either to be sent abroad as well as those deployed in the country. Samudera Pasai state of society at that time, it is known from records Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta travel. According to their travel records, Pasai society is a society that is Muslim traders especially those living on the east coast of Sumatra. According to their records This is also known that the kingdom of Samudera Pasai a distribution center Islam to the region in Sumatra and Malacca. People Pasai who has embraced Islam into groups that play a role in spread of Islam, in addition to local clergy and merchant classes. Samudera Pasai social life, governed by rules and the laws of Islam which has similarities with the region Arab, so the area dubbed the royal Samudera Pasai region Veranda of Mecca.
 

Here is the order of the kings who ruled in the Indian Pasai, namely as follows.  
1. Sultan Malik al-Saleh;  
2. Malikul Sultan Zahir;  
3. Sultan Muhammad;  
4. Sultan Ahmad Zahir Malikul (Sultan al-Malik Jamaluddin);  
5. Sultan Zainal Abidin;  
6. Sultan Bahiah. 

Kingdom of Malacca Kingdom of Malacca now includes the territory of Malaysia, but because of Malacca played an important role in the growth kerajaan kerajaan Islam in Indonesia, the Malacca empire need to be discussed in history Islam in Indonesia. Growth of the Kingdom of Malacca is influenced by the hectic trading International Indian Ocean. Malacca Port previously lacked political power, except as a haven traders from various nations, particularly Muslim traders. Not known exactly how the beginning of the Kingdom of Malacca this. According to some versions, the kingdom was founded by a prince named Parameswara from Palembang who fled to Malacca when it happens attack of Majapahit. He founded the kingdom of Malacca around 1400. At first, Parameswara was a Hindu king. After embraced Islam, he changed his name to the name of Islam, Muhammad Shah (1400-1414). The first King was later replaced by Sultan Iskandar Shah (1414-1424). Furthermore, the kings who ruled Malacca is Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1424-1444), Sultan Mansur Shah (1444-1477), and Sultan Mahmud Shah (1477-1511). Kingdom of Malacca has a very large role in trade. Trade became the main source of income Kingdom of Malacca.

 
There some characteristics with regard to trade in Malacca.  
1) The king and royal officials involved in trade activities. They have a boat, skipper, and crew who worked with him. In addition that, they also invest their money to the shipping company. 
 2) Taxes imposed excise tax on each item divided over origin of goods. Goods originating from West Asia, like India, Persia, Arab, etc., subject to duty at 6%. While the goods from East Asia, including traders from the archipelago not subject to customs duty, but they must give tribute to kings and princes port.  
3) Trade carried out in two types. First, traders enter capital in the form of merchandise transported by ship to sold to another country. Second, the merchant entrust goods or lend money to the skipper who will share the profits with traders financiers.  
4) Kingdom issued various laws that govern trade in the Kingdom of Malacca, to trade running smoothly. Kingdom of collapse after a Malacca was ruled by the Portuguese under the leadership of Alfonso d'Albuquerque, in 1511. Thus, political power of the kingdom of Malacca only lasted less than a century.

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